🔥(大厂必备)厂长熬夜爆肝万字之多线程高并发JUC编程(一)⭐学妹已收藏

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JUC学习

文章目录

🔥(大厂必备)厂长熬夜爆肝万字之多线程高并发JUC编程(一)⭐学妹已收藏
- 关于作者
- JUC学习
- - 1、什么是JUC
  - 2、线程和进程
  - - 面试题：谈一谈wait和sleep区别？
  - 3、Lock锁(重点)
  - 4、生产者消费者问题
  - 5、8锁现象
  - 6、集合不安全
  - 7、Callable
  - 8、常用的辅助类
  - - 1) CountDownLatch—减法计数器
    - 2) CyclicBarrier—加法计数器
    - 3) Semaphore
  - 9、读写锁ReadwriteLock
  - 10、堵塞队列
  - - 1) 四组API
    - 2) SynchronizedQueue 同步队列
  - 11、线程池
  - - 1) 线程池的好处:
    - 2) 线程池: 三大方法
    - 3) 七大参数
    - 4) 拒绝策略
  - 12、四大函数式接口
  - - 1) Function函数型接口
    - 2) Predicate 断定型接口
    - 3) Suppier 供给型接口
    - 4) Consummer 消费型接口
  - 13、Stream 流式计算
  - 14、ForkJoin—多线并发处理框架
  - - 1）ForkJoin 特点：工作窃取！
  - 2）如果使用ForkJoin
  - ❤️‍❤️‍❤️‍最后(学妹照片)

1、什么是JUC

源码+官方文档

JUC是 java util concurrent

面试高频问JUC~！

java.util 是Java的一个工具包

业务：普通的线程代码 Thread

Runnable： 没有返回值、效率相比于Callable 相对较低！

2、线程和进程

进程：一个程序，允许一个java程序会进程里面会出现一个java.exe；数据+代码+pcb

一个进程可以包含多个线程，至少包含一个线程！

Java默认有几个线程？2个线程！ main线程、GC线程

线程：开了一个进程qq，聊天打字，消息提示(线程负责的)

对于Java而言：Thread、Runable、Callable进行开启线程的。

JAVA真的可以开启线程吗？开不了的！
原因Java没有权限去开启线程、操作硬件的，这是一个native的一个本地方法，它调用的底层的C++代码。

并发、并行

并发： 多线程操作同一个资源。

CPU 只有一核，模拟出来多条线程,那么我们就可以使用CPU快速交替，来模拟多线程。

并行： 多个人并排行走。

CPU多核，多个线程可以同时执行。

public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {//获取cpu的核数System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());}
}

并发编程的本质：充分利用CPU的资源！

线程的6个状态

public enum State {//创建NEW,//运行RUNNABLE,//阻塞BLOCKED,//等待WAITING,//超时等待TIMED_WAITING,//终止TERMINATED;}

面试题：谈一谈wait和sleep区别？

区别	wait	sleep
操作的类	Object	Thread
锁的释放	会释放锁	抱着锁睡觉
范围	同步代码块中	任何地方
异常捕获	不需要捕获异常	需要捕获异常

3、Lock锁(重点)

synchronized锁问题

package com.zmz.day01;
/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.day01* @ClassName: TicketTest* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/9/5 14:01* @Version: 1.0*/
//资源类 属性 + 方法 oop
class Ticket{private int num = 50;//卖票方式  synchronized 本质：队列 锁public synchronized void sale(){if(num > 0){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 卖出了第"+ num +" 张票,剩余："+ --num +" 张票");}}
}public class TicketTest {public static void main(String[] args) {//多线陈操作//并发：多个线程操作同一个资源ticketTicket ticket = new Ticket();//@FunctionalInterface 函数式接口 jdk1.8之后 lambda表达式new Thread(()->{for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {ticket.sale();}},"A").start();new Thread(()->{for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {ticket.sale();}},"B").start();new Thread(()->{for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {ticket.sale();}},"C").start();}
}

Lock接口

公平锁： 公平，必须先来后到~；

非公平锁： 不公平，可以插队；(默认为非公平锁)

使用Lock进行操作

package com.zmz.day01;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.day01* @ClassName: TicketTest2* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/9/5 16:15* @Version: 1.0*/import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;/***@ClassName TicketTest2*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/9/5**/class Ticket2{/** 加锁三步* 1.实例化lock对象* 2.lock加锁* 3.unlock解锁* */Lock l = new ReentrantLock();private int num = 50;//卖票方式  synchronized 本质：队列 锁public  void sale(){//加锁l.lock();try {//业务代码if(num > 0){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 卖出了第"+ num +" 张票,剩余："+ --num +" 张票");}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {//解锁l.unlock();}}
}public class TicketTest2 {public static void main(String[] args) {//多线陈操作//并发：多个线程操作同一个资源ticketTicket ticket = new Ticket();//@FunctionalInterface 函数式接口 jdk1.8之后 lambda表达式new Thread(()->{for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {ticket.sale();}},"A").start();new Thread(()->{for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {ticket.sale();}},"B").start();new Thread(()->{for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {ticket.sale();}},"C").start();}
}

区别	synchronized	lock
名称	属于关键字	属于对象
状态	不可以获取锁的状态	可以获取锁的状态
锁的管理	自动释放锁	需要手动加锁以及释放锁
线程	自己抱着锁	等待
	可重入锁，不可以中断的，非公平的	可重入的，可以判断锁，可以自己设置公平锁和非公平锁
代码同步	适合少量的代码同步	适合大量的代码同步

4、生产者消费者问题

synchronized版

package com.zmz.day01;
/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.day01* @ClassName: TicketTest3* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/9/5 16:35* @Version: 1.0*//***@ClassName TicketTest3*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/9/5**/
public class TicketTest3 {public static void main(String[] args) {Data data = new Data();new Thread(()->{for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {try {data.increment();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}},"A").start();new Thread(()->{for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {try {data.decrement();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}},"B").start();}
}//判断等待  业务  唤醒
class Data{private int number = 0;//      +1操作public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {if(number != 0 ){this.wait();}number++;System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);this.notifyAll();}//      -1操作public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException{if (number == 0){this.wait();}number--;System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);this.notifyAll();}
}

问题存在，A线程B线程，现在如果我有四个线程A B C D！该怎么去解决问题

if判断改为While判断就可以解决虚假唤醒的问题。

package com.zmz.day01;
/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.day01* @ClassName: TicketTest3* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/9/5 16:35* @Version: 1.0*//***@ClassName TicketTest3*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/9/5**/
//线程之间的通讯问题：生产者和消费者的问题！  等待唤醒，通知唤醒
//线程交替执行 A   B操作同一个资源
public class TicketTest3 {public static void main(String[] args) {Data data = new Data();new Thread(()->{for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {try {data.increment();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}},"A").start();new Thread(()->{for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {try {data.decrement();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}},"B").start();new Thread(()->{for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {try {data.decrement();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}},"C").start();new Thread(()->{for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {try {data.decrement();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}},"D").start();}
}//判断等待  业务  唤醒
class Data{private int number = 0;//      +1操作public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {while(number != 0 ){this.wait();}number++;System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);this.notifyAll();}//      -1操作public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException{while (number == 0){this.wait();}number--;System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);this.notifyAll();}
}

JUC版本的解决A B C D多线程的问题

package com.zmz.day01;
/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.day01* @ClassName: JucTest1* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/9/5 19:34* @Version: 1.0*/import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;/***@ClassName JucTest1*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/9/5**/
public class JucTest1 {public static void main(String[] args) {Data2 data = new Data2();new Thread(()->{for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {data.increment();}},"A").start();new Thread(()->{for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {data.decrement();}},"B").start();new Thread(()->{for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {data.increment();}},"C").start();new Thread(()->{for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {data.decrement();}},"D").start();}
}class Data2{private int number = 0;//lock锁Lock l = new ReentrantLock();Condition condition = l.newCondition();public void increment() {l.lock();try {//业务while (number!=0){//等待操作condition.await();}number++;System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);//通知其他线程 我+1完毕了condition.signalAll();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {l.unlock();}}public void decrement()  {l.lock();try {//业务while (number==0){//等待操作condition.await();}number--;System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);//通知其他线程 我-1完毕了condition.signalAll();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {l.unlock();}}
}

Condition的优势：精准通知、唤醒的线程

package com.zmz.day01;
/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.day01* @ClassName: JucTest2* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/9/5 19:52* @Version: 1.0*/import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;/***@ClassName JucTest2*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/9/5**/
public class JucTest2 {public static void main(String[] args) {Data3 data3 = new Data3();new Thread(()->{for(int i=0;i<10;i++){data3.printA();}},"A").start();new Thread(()->{for(int i=0;i<10;i++){data3.printB();}},"B").start();new Thread(()->{for(int i=0;i<10;i++){data3.printC();}},"C").start();}
}class Data3{private Lock l = new ReentrantLock();Condition condition1 = l.newCondition();Condition condition2 = l.newCondition();Condition condition3 = l.newCondition();private int flag = 1;public void printA(){l.lock();//判断 -> 执行 -> 通知try {while(flag != 1){//等待condition1.await();}System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->A" );flag = 2;//唤醒指定线程condition2.signal();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {l.unlock();}}public void printB(){l.lock();//判断 -> 执行 -> 通知try {while(flag != 2){//等待condition2.await();}System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->BB" );flag = 3;//唤醒指定线程condition3.signal();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {l.unlock();}}public void printC(){l.lock();//判断 -> 执行 -> 通知try {while(flag != 3){//等待condition3.await();}System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->CCC" );flag = 1;//唤醒指定线程condition1.signal();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {l.unlock();}}
}

5、8锁现象

1-2锁

package com.zmz.lock8;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.lock8* @ClassName: Test1* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/9/5 21:18* @Version: 1.0*/import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;/***@ClassName Test1*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/9/5**/
/*
* 8锁，就是关于锁的8个问题
* 1、标准情况下，两个线程先打印 发短信还是打电话？  发短信
* 2、sendSms方法延迟4s，两个线程先打印 发短信还是打电话？  发短信
* */
public class Test1 {public static void main(String[] args) {Phone phone = new Phone();//锁存在new Thread(()->{phone.sendSms();},"A").start();try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}new Thread(()->{phone.call();},"B").start();}
}class Phone{//synchronized锁的对象是方法的调用者！//两个方法用的都是phone对象的锁！//谁先拿到谁执行！public synchronized void sendSms(){try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("发短信");}public synchronized void call(){System.out.println("打电话");}
}

3-4锁

package com.zmz.lock8;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.lock8* @ClassName: Test2* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/9/5 21:26* @Version: 1.0*/import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;/***@ClassName Test2*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/9/5**/
//3、增加一个普通方法后！ 发短信还是Hello,发短信       hello
//4、两个对象，两个同步方法，发短信还是打电话      打电话
public class Test2 {public static void main(String[] args) {//两个对象，两把锁Phone2 phone = new Phone2();Phone2 phone2 = new Phone2();//锁存在new Thread(()->{phone.sendSms();},"A").start();try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}new Thread(()->{phone2.call();},"B").start();}
}
class Phone2{//synchronized锁的对象是方法的调用者！public synchronized void sendSms(){try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("发短信");}public synchronized void call(){System.out.println("打电话");}//这里没有锁！bubu不是同步方法，不受锁的影响public void hello(){System.out.println("hello");}
}

5-6锁

package com.zmz.lock8;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.lock8* @ClassName: Test3* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/9/6 12:35* @Version: 1.0*/import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;/***@ClassName Test3*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/9/6**/
/*
* 5、增加两个静态同步方法，只有一个对象，先打印发短信还是打电话？  发短信
* 6、两个对象！增加两个静态同步方法，只有一个对象，先打印发短信还是打电话  发短信
* */
public class Test3 {public static void main(String[] args) {//两个对象，两个调用者，两把锁！//两个对象的class类模板只有一个，static，锁的是ClassPhone3 phone = new Phone3();Phone3 phone2 = new Phone3();//锁存在new Thread(()->{phone.sendSms();},"A").start();try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}new Thread(()->{phone2.call();},"B").start();}
}
//Phone3唯一的一个Class对象
class Phone3{//synchronized锁的对象是方法的调用者！//static 静态方法//类一加载就有了！Class 模板 锁的是Classpublic static synchronized void sendSms(){try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("发短信");}public static synchronized void call(){System.out.println("打电话");}
}

7-8锁

package com.zmz.lock8;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.lock8* @ClassName: Test4* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/9/6 13:07* @Version: 1.0*/import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;/***@ClassName Test4*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/9/6**/
/*
* 1个静态同步方法，1个同步方法，1个对象 先打印发短信还是打电话？   打电话
* 1个静态同步方法，1个同步方法，2个对象 先打印发短信还是打电话？   发短信
* */
public class Test4 {public static void main(String[] args) {//两个对象，两个调用者，两把锁！//两个对象的class类模板只有一个，static，锁的是ClassPhone4 phone = new Phone4();//锁存在new Thread(()->{phone.sendSms();},"A").start();try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}new Thread(()->{phone.call();},"B").start();}
}
//Phone4唯一的一个Class对象
class Phone4{//synchronized锁的对象是方法的调用者！//锁的是Class类模板public static synchronized void sendSms(){try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("发短信");}//锁的是调用者public synchronized void call(){System.out.println("打电话");}}

6、集合不安全

1、ArrayList集合不安全

package com;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com* @ClassName: unsafe* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/9/6 19:37* @Version: 1.0*/import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;/***@ClassName unsafe*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/9/6**/
public class unsafe {public static void main(String[] args) {//高并发下的ArrayList真的安全么？/*** 解决方法* 1、List<String> list = new Vector<String>();* 2、List<String> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());* 3、List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();* */List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();//启动10个多线程for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {new Thread(() -> {list.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 5));System.out.println(list);}, String.valueOf(i)).start();}}
}

CopyOnWriteArrayList源码分析

2、Set不安全

package com.zmz.unsafe;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.unsafe* @ClassName: SetSafe* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/9/6 21:20* @Version: 1.0*/import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;/***@ClassName SetSafe*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/9/6**/
public class SetSafe {public static void main(String[] args) {//Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();//Set<String> set = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());Set<String> set = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>();for (int i = 1; i < 60; i++) {new Thread(() -> {set.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 5));System.out.println(set);}, String.valueOf(i)).start();}}
}

HashSet源码

    public HashSet() {map = new HashMap<>();}//HashSet本质就是Map集合public boolean add(E e) {return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null;}private static final Object PRESENT = new Object();//不变的值

3、HashMap不安全

package com.zmz.unsafe;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.unsafe* @ClassName: MapSafe* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/9/6 21:27* @Version: 1.0*/import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;/***@ClassName MapSafe*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/9/6**/
public class MapSafe {public static void main(String[] args) {//Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();//Map<String, Object> map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<>());Map<String, Object> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();for (int i = 1; i <= 30; i++) {new Thread(()->{map.put(Thread.currentThread().getName(), UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 5));System.out.println(map);},String.valueOf(i)).start();}}
}

7、Callable

可以有返回值
可以抛出异常
方法不同，run()/call()

callable源码

代码测试

package com.zmz.callable;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.callable* @ClassName: CallableTest* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/3 16:52* @Version: 1.0*/import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.generic.NEW;import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;/***@ClassName CallableTest*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/10/3**/
public class CallableTest {public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {// new Thread(new Runnable()).start();// new Thread(new FutureTask<V>()).start();// new Thread(new FutureTask<V>( Callable )).start();new Thread().start();MyThread myThread = new MyThread();FutureTask futureTask = new FutureTask(myThread);//适配类new Thread(futureTask,"A").start();new Thread(futureTask,"B").start(); //结果存在缓存提交效率Integer o = (Integer) futureTask.get();//获取返回的结果//这个get方法可以会产生阻塞！ 解决办法 放到最后一行或者异步通信System.out.println(o);}
}
class MyThread implements Callable<Integer>{@Overridepublic Integer call() throws Exception {System.out.println("call()方法");//耗时操作return 1024;}
}
/*
1、有缓存
2、结果可能会等待，阻塞
*/

8、常用的辅助类

1) CountDownLatch—减法计数器

package com.zmz.assist;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.assist* @ClassName: CountDownLatchDemo* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/3 18:00* @Version: 1.0*/import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;/***@ClassName CountDownLatchDemo*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/10/3**/
public class CountDownLatchDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {CountDownLatch count = new CountDownLatch(10);for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {new Thread(()->{System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "Go out");count.countDown();//数量-1},String.valueOf(i)).start();}count.await();//等计数器归零，然后再往下执行System.out.println("Close Door");}
}

原理：

count.countDown();//数量-1
count.await();//等待计数器归零。然后再向下执行

每次有线程用countDown()数量-1，如果计算器变为0了，然后count.await()就被唤醒，继续下面的执行！

2) CyclicBarrier—加法计数器

package com.zmz.assist;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.assist* @ClassName: CycilcBarrierDemo* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/3 18:23* @Version: 1.0*/import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.generic.NEW;import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;/***@ClassName CycilcBarrierDemo*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/10/3**/
public class CycilcBarrierDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws BrokenBarrierException, InterruptedException {CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(7,()->{System.out.println("你已经凑齐了七颗龙珠！可以变身了");});for (int i = 1; i <= 7; i++) {final int temp = i;new Thread(()->{System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "收集" +(temp) +"颗龙珠");try {barrier.await();//等待} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}).start();}}
}

3) Semaphore

Semaphore:信号量,很多时候用来处理高并发。

package com.zmz.assist;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.assist* @ClassName: SemaphoreDemo* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/3 19:32* @Version: 1.0*/import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;/***@ClassName SemaphoreDemo*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/10/3**/
public class SemaphoreDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++) {new Thread(()->{try {semaphore.acquire();//获得System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"得到车位");TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"离开车位");} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}   finally {semaphore.release();//释放}},String.valueOf(i)).start();}}
}

原理：

acquire()：获得，假设已经满了组需要等待，直到被释放为止
release()：释放，会将当前的信号量释放+1，然后唤醒等待的线程！

作用：多个共享的资源互斥使用！并发限流控制最大的线程数量！

9、读写锁ReadwriteLock

package com.zmz.lock;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.lock* @ClassName: ReadwritelockDemo* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/3 20:48* @Version: 1.0*/import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;/***@ClassName ReadwritelockDemo*@Description*@Author 张晟睿*@Date 2021/10/3**/
public class ReadwritelockDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {Mycache mycache = new Mycache();//写入for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {final int temp = i;new Thread(()->{mycache.put(temp+"",temp+"");},String.valueOf(i)).start();}//读取for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {final int temp = i;new Thread(()->{mycache.get(temp+"");},String.valueOf(i)).start();}}
}class Mycache{private volatile Map<String , Object> map = new HashMap<>();public void put(String key, Object value){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "写入" + key);map.put(key,value);System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "写入完成");}public void get(String key){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "读取" + key);Object o = map.get(key);System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "读取完成");}
}/*
1写入1
5写入5
5写入完成
4写入4
4写入完成
3写入3
2写入2
1读取1
3写入完成
1写入完成
2读取2
2读取完成
3读取3
3读取完成
1读取完成
2写入完成
5读取5
5读取完成
4读取4
4读取完成
*/

我们可以看到出现了严重的插队问题！该如何去解决囊？我们使用读写锁来解决插队的问题。

修改后的操作

package com.zmz.lock;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.lock* @ClassName: ReadwritelockDemo* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/3 20:48* @Version: 1.0*/import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;/*** @ClassName ReadwritelockDemo* @Description* @Author 张晟睿* @Date 2021/10/3**//*
*独占锁 （写锁）一次只能被一个线程占有
*共享锁 （读锁）多个线程可以同时占有
* ReadWriteLock
* 读-读   可以共存
* 读-写   不可以共存
* 写-写   不可以共存
* */
public class ReadwritelockDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {MycacheLock mycache = new MycacheLock();//写入for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {final int temp = i;new Thread(() -> {mycache.put(temp + "", temp + "");}, String.valueOf(i)).start();}//读取for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {final int temp = i;new Thread(() -> {mycache.get(temp + "");}, String.valueOf(i)).start();}}
}
//加锁
class MycacheLock {private volatile Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();//读写锁：更加细粒度的控制ReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();//存、写的时候，只希望同时只有一个线程写public void put(String key, Object value) {readWriteLock.writeLock().lock();try {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "写入" + key);map.put(key, value);System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "写入完成");} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {readWriteLock.writeLock().unlock();}}//取、读所有人都可以进行操作public void get(String key) {readWriteLock.readLock().lock();try {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "读取" + key);Object o = map.get(key);System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "读取完成");} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {readWriteLock.readLock().unlock();}}
}class Mycache {private volatile Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();public void put(String key, Object value) {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "写入" + key);map.put(key, value);System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "写入完成");}public void get(String key) {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "读取" + key);Object o = map.get(key);System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "读取完成");}
}/*
1写入1
1写入完成
2写入2
2写入完成
3写入3
3写入完成
4写入4
4写入完成
5写入5
5写入完成
1读取1
1读取完成
5读取5
3读取3
3读取完成
4读取4
4读取完成
5读取完成
2读取2
2读取完成
*/

我们可以看到输出的结果在写入的时候有序的进行，读操作的时候可以无序的进行，可以看到已经到达我们预期的效果😊

10、堵塞队列

堵塞

什么情况下我们使用阻塞队列：多线程并发处理，线程池！

10.1 学会使用队列

添加、移除元素，现在有四组API

1) 四组API

方法	抛出异常	不会抛出异常，有返回值	阻塞等待	超时等待
添加	add()	offer()	put()	offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
移除	remove()	poll()	take()	poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
判断首部	element()	peek()	-	-

/*
* 抛出异常
* */public static void test1(){//队列大小3ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("a"));System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("b"));System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("c"));//IllegalState ExceptionQueue full  抛出异常//System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("d"));//检测队首元素System.out.println(blockingQueue.element());								                                 System.out.println("================================================");System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());//java.util.NoSuchElementException  抛出异常//System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());}

/** 不抛出异常，有返回值* */public static void test2(){//队列大小3ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("a"));System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("b"));System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("c"));//falseSystem.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("d"));//检测队首元素System.out.println(blockingQueue.peek());System.out.println("================================================");System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());//nullSystem.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());}

/** 阻塞等待之☞死死的等待* */public static void test3() throws InterruptedException {//队列大小3ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);blockingQueue.put("a");blockingQueue.put("b");blockingQueue.put("c");//blockingQueue.put("d");//无检测队首元素System.out.println("================================================");System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());//System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());}

/** 等待阻塞（超时）* */public static void test4() throws InterruptedException {//队列大小3ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);blockingQueue.offer("a");blockingQueue.offer("b");blockingQueue.offer("c");blockingQueue.offer("d",2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);//无检测队首元素System.out.println("================================================");System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());blockingQueue.poll(2,TimeUnit.SECONDS);}

2) SynchronizedQueue 同步队列

没有容量,进去一个元素,必须等待取出来之后,才能再往里面放一个元素

put take

package com.zmz.queue;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.queue* @ClassName: SyncQueue* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/8 14:18* @Version: 1.0*/import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;/*** 同步队列* 和其他的lockQueue 不一样， SynchronousQueue 不存储元素*/
public class SyncQueue {public static void main(String[] args) {SynchronousQueue<String> synchronousQueue = new SynchronousQueue<>(); //同步队列new Thread(()->{try {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "put 1");synchronousQueue.put("1");System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "put 2");synchronousQueue.put("2");System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "put 3");synchronousQueue.put("3");} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}},"Thread1").start();new Thread(()->{try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>" + synchronousQueue.take());TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>" + synchronousQueue.take());TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>" + synchronousQueue.take());} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {}},"Thread2").start();}
}/*
Thread1put 1
Thread2=>1
Thread1put 2
Thread2=>2
Thread1put 3
Thread2=>3
*/

11、线程池

线程池有三大方法,七大参数,四种拒绝策略

程序的运行,本质: 占用系统的资源 ! 优化CPU资源的使用 ===>池化技术

线程池, 连接池, 内存池, 对象池///…

池化技术: 实现准备好一些资源, 有人要用,就来我这里拿,用完之后还给我

1) 线程池的好处:

降低资源消耗
提高响应速度
方便管理

线程复用,可以控制最大并发数,管理线程

2) 线程池: 三大方法

ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();//单个线程
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);//创建一个固定的线程池的大小
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();//可伸缩的，

package com.zmz.Pool;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.ThreadPool* @ClassName: ThreadPool* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/8 16:44* @Version: 1.0*/
public class ThreadPool {public static void main(String[] args) {ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();//单个线程ExecutorService threadPool2 = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); //创建一个固定的线程池的大小ExecutorService threadPool3 = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); //可伸缩的//线程池用完必须要关闭线程池try {for (int i = 1; i <=100 ; i++) {//通过线程池创建线程threadPool3.execute(()->{System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " ok");});}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {threadPool3.shutdown();}}
}

3) 七大参数

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,  //核心线程池大小int maximumPoolSize, //最大的线程池大小long keepAliveTime,  //超时了没有人调用就会释放TimeUnit unit, //超时单位BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, //阻塞队列ThreadFactory threadFactory, //线程工厂 创建线程的 一般不用动RejectedExecutionHandler handler //拒绝策略) {if (corePoolSize < 0 ||maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||keepAliveTime < 0)throw new IllegalArgumentException();if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)throw new NullPointerException();this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;this.workQueue = workQueue;this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);this.threadFactory = threadFactory;this.handler = handler;
}

package com.zmz.Pool;import java.util.concurrent.*;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.Pool* @ClassName: ThreadPoolExecutorTest* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/8 16:59* @Version: 1.0*/
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {public static void main(String[] args) {// 获取cpu 的核数int max = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();ExecutorService service =new ThreadPoolExecutor(2,//核心线程池大小max,//最大的线程池大小3,//超时了没有人调用就会释放TimeUnit.SECONDS,//超时单位new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(3),//阻塞队列Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),//线程工厂 创建线程的new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()//拒绝策略);try {for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {service.execute(() -> {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行成功");});}}catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally {service.shutdown();}}
}

4) 拒绝策略

new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy() 超出最大处理线程抛出异常
new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy() 从哪个线程创建就由那个线程执行
new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy() 队列满了不会抛出异常
new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy() 尝试去和第一个竞争，也不会抛出异常

12、四大函数式接口

新时代的程序员👨‍💻：lambda表达式、链式编程、函数式接口、Stream流式计算

1) Function函数型接口

package com.zmz.FourFunction;import java.util.function.Function;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.FourFunction* @ClassName: functionDemo* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/8 17:15* @Version: 1.0*/
public class functionDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {Function<String, String> function = (str) -> {return str;};System.out.println(function.apply("Hello,zmz!"));}
}

2) Predicate 断定型接口

package com.zmz.FourFunction;import java.util.function.Predicate;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.FourFunction* @ClassName: PredicateDemo* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/8 17:18* @Version: 1.0*/
public class PredicateDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {Predicate<String> predicate = (str) -> {return str.isEmpty();};// falseSystem.out.println(predicate.test("zmz"));// trueSystem.out.println(predicate.test(""));}
}

3) Suppier 供给型接口

package com.zmz.FourFunction;import java.util.function.Supplier;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.FourFunction* @ClassName: SuppierDemo* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/8 17:21* @Version: 1.0*/
public class SuppierDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {Supplier<String> supplier = ()->{return "1024";};System.out.println(supplier.get());}
}

4) Consummer 消费型接口

package com.zmz.FourFunction;import java.util.function.Consumer;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.FourFunction* @ClassName: ConsummerDemo* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/8 17:21* @Version: 1.0*/
public class ConsummerDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {Consumer<String> consumer = (str)->{System.out.println(str);};consumer.accept("zmz");}
}

13、Stream 流式计算

package com.zmz.Stream;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.Stream* @ClassName: User* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/8 18:01* @Version: 1.0*/
public class User {private int id;private String name;private int age;public User(int id, String name, int age) {this.id = id;this.name = name;this.age = age;}public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}
}

package com.zmz.Stream;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.Stream* @ClassName: StreamDemo* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/8 18:00* @Version: 1.0** * 题目要求： 用一行代码实现*  * 1. Id 必须是偶数*  * 2.年龄必须大于23*  * 3. 用户名转为大写*  * 4. 用户名倒序*  * 5. 只能输出一个用户*/import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;public class StreamDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {User u1 = new User(1, "a", 23);User u2 = new User(2, "b", 23);User u3 = new User(3, "c", 23);User u4 = new User(6, "d", 24);User u5 = new User(4, "e", 25);List<User> list = Arrays.asList(u1, u2, u3, u4, u5);// lambda、链式编程、函数式接口、流式计算list.stream().filter(user -> {return user.getId()%2 == 0;}).filter(user -> {return user.getAge() > 20;}).map(user -> {return user.getName().toUpperCase();}).sorted((user1, user2) -> {return user2.compareTo(user1);}).limit(1).forEach(System.out::println);}
}

14、ForkJoin—多线并发处理框架

什么是ForkJoin？

ava.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool由Java大师Doug Lea主持编写，它可以将一个大的任务拆分成多个子任务进行并行处理，最后将子任务结果合并成最后的计算结果，并进行输出。本文中对Fork/Join框架的讲解，基于JDK1.8+中的Fork/Join框架实现，参考的Fork/Join框架主要源代码也基于JDK1.8+。

这几篇文章将试图解释Fork/Join框架的知识点，以便对自己、对各位读者在并发程序的设计思路上进行一些启发。文章将首先讲解Fork/Join框架的基本使用，以及其中需要注意的使用要点；接着使用Fork/Join框架解决一些实际问题；最后再讲解Fork/Join框架的工作原理。

1）ForkJoin 特点：工作窃取！

2）如果使用ForkJoin

第一步，通过ForkJoinPool来执行

第二步，计算任务 execute(ForkJoinTask<?> task)

第三步，计算类要去继承ForkJoinTask

ForkJoin 的计算类

ForkJoinComputer.java

package com.zmz.ForkJoin;
import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.ForkJoin* @ClassName: ForkJoinComputer* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/9 15:17* @Version: 1.0*/public class ForkJoinComputer extends RecursiveTask<Long> {private long start;private long end;/** 临界值 */private long temp = 1000000L;public ForkJoinComputer(long start, long end) {this.start = start;this.end = end;}/*** 计算方法* @return*/@Overrideprotected Long compute() {if ((end - start) < temp) {Long sum = 0L;for (Long i = start; i < end; i++) {sum += i;}return sum;}else {// 使用ForkJoin 分而治之 计算//1 . 计算平均值long middle = (start + end) / 2;ForkJoinComputer forkJoinDemo1 = new ForkJoinComputer(start, middle);// 拆分任务，把线程压入线程队列forkJoinDemo1.fork();ForkJoinComputer forkJoinDemo2 = new ForkJoinComputer(middle, end);forkJoinDemo2.fork();long taskSum = forkJoinDemo1.join() + forkJoinDemo2.join();return taskSum;}}
}

测试类 ForkJoinTest.java

package com.zmz.ForkJoin;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask;
import java.util.stream.LongStream;/*** @ProjectName: Juc* @Package: com.zmz.ForkJoin* @ClassName: ForkJoinTest* @Author: 张晟睿* @Date: 2021/10/9 15:18* @Version: 1.0*/
public class ForkJoinTest {private static final long SUM = 20_0000_0000;public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {test1();test2();test3();}/*** 使用普通方法*/public static void test1() {long star = System.currentTimeMillis();long sum = 0L;for (long i = 1; i < SUM ; i++) {sum += i;}long end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println(sum);System.out.println("普通程序猿——时间：" + (end - star));System.out.println("============================");}/*** 使用ForkJoin 方法*/public static void test2() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {long start = System.currentTimeMillis();ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool();ForkJoinTask<Long> task = new ForkJoinComputer(0L, SUM);ForkJoinTask<Long> submit = forkJoinPool.submit(task);Long along = submit.get();System.out.println(along);long end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println("中级程序猿——时间：" + (end - start));System.out.println("--------------");}/*** 使用 Stream 流计算*/public static void test3() {long start = System.currentTimeMillis();long sum = LongStream.range(0L, 20_0000_0000L).parallel().reduce(0, Long::sum);System.out.println(sum);long end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println("高级程序猿——时间：" + (end - start));System.out.println("--------------");System.out.println("============================");}
}

分析一下高级程序猿的处理：

.parallel().reduce(0, Long::sum)使用一个并行流去计算整个计算，提高效率。

❤️‍❤️‍❤️‍最后(学妹照片)

附一张学妹的照片

⭐学妹都已经收藏了！！！⭐